【英文标准名称】:Submergedmembranebioreactor(MBR)technology
【原文标准名称】:水中膜生物反应器(MBR)技术
【标准号】:BSCWA15897-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2008-11-01
【实施或试行日期】:2008-11-01
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:活性污泥设备;生物滤器;化学工艺过程;过滤器;过滤;膜过滤器;污水处理;污水处理工厂;污泥;水处理
【英文主题词】:Activatedsludgeunits;Biologicalfilters;Chemicaltechnologyprocesses;Filters(sewagetreatment);Filtration;Membranefilters;Sewagetreatment;Sewagetreatmentworks;Sludge;Watertreatment
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:J88
【国际标准分类号】:13_060_30
【页数】:49P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Opticalamplifiers-Testmethods-Multichannelparameters-Probemethods
【原文标准名称】:光学纤维放大器.试验方法.多道参数.探测法
【标准号】:BSEN61290-10-3-2003
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2003-09-01
【实施或试行日期】:2003-09-01
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:放大器;基础规范;电气工程;纤维光学;光纤;激光脉冲方法;数学计算;测量;测量设备;测量技术;多道分析;多道记录;多道的;噪声系数;光学装置;光学纤维;光波导;光学;超速传动;参数;探测法;测头;稀土金属;额定值;小信号;规范;开关;试验
【英文主题词】:Amplifiers;Basicspecification;Electricalengineering;Fibreoptics;Laserpulsemethods;Mathematicalcalculations;Measurement;Measuringequipment;Measuringtechniques;Multichannelanalyzers;Multi-channelrecording;Multichannels;Noisefigure;Opticaldevices;Opticalfibres;Opticalwaveguides;Optics;Overdriving;Parameters;Probemethods;Probes;Rareearthmetals;Ratings;Small-signals;Specification;Switches;Testing
【摘要】:ThispartofIEC61290appliestocommerciallyavailableopticalfibreamplifiers(OFAs)usingactivefibrescontainingrare-earthdopantsasdescribedinthefollowing.TheobjectofthisinternationalstandardistoestablishuniformrequirementsforaccurateandreliablemeasurementsofthemultichannelgainandnoiseparametersasdefinedinIEC61291-4.Thetestmethodsdescribedinthisstandardusesmall-signalprobestoobtainthemultichannelgainandnoiseparameterswhileoneormorelaserssetthesaturationconditionfortheOFA.Thesemethodsareclassifiedasindirectinthatthereisnotalasersourceateachwavelengthofthemultichannelplan.Multichannelparametersareestimatedfromtheprobedata.IEC61290-10-1andIEC61290-10-2aretestmethodsformeasuringnoiseparametersusingpulsetechniques.Thesemethodsaredirectinthatthemultichannelsourceisrequiredtohavealaserateachwavelengthforwhichmultichannelparametersaretobemeasured.Probetechniquesprovideclearadvantagesformeasuringmultichannelgaincharacteristicsinthatasimplesourceconfigurationcanprovideparametersforawiderangeofmultichannelplans.Eitherasmall-signallaserorabroadbandnoisesourceservesastheprobesignal,andsingleormultiplelasersareusedtosettheOFAsaturationcondition.PulsemodulationofthesaturatingsourcesmayoptionallybeusedtomeasureASEatornearthesaturatinglaserwavelengthswithoutthecontaminatingeffectofsourcespontaneousemission.Ifpulsemodulationisnotused,thesourcespontaneousemissionmustbemeasured,anditseffectremovedfromthemeasuredresult.Foramultichannelsourcewithhighspontaneousemissionorathightotalinputpower,thesourcenoisesubtractionmethodcanleadtolargeuncertainty.Theprobetechniquesdescribedhereinareindirectinthatlasersourcesarenotrequiredateachchannelfrequency.AmeasurementerrorresultsfrominhomogeneouseffectsthatareDUTdependent.Themainsourceofthiserrorisspectralholeburning(see[1][2]and[4]).Theapplicabilityofpulsemodulationofthesaturatingsignal(s)andtheselectionofthemodulationratearedependentontheopticalfibreamplifier'scharacteristics,specificallyitstimeresponse.Theymaybeunsuitableforamplifierswithactiveautomaticlevelcontrol(ALC)orautomaticgaincontrol(AGC)circuits.Theymayalsobeunsuitableforpraseodymium-dopedOFAsthathavegainrelaxationtimesthataremuchfasterthanerbium-dopeddesigns.Forerbium-dopedfibreamplifiers(EDFAs),inaccuracyduetomodulationisgenerallysmall.RefertoIEC61290-10-2foradiscussionofinaccuracyduetopulserepetitionrate.Inordertopredictmultichannelparametersbyprobemethodsitisnecessarytoproperlysettheoutputlevelofthesaturatingsignal(s)tosimulatethesaturationeffectofaspecifiedmultichannelplan.Clause5describesamethodologytoaccomplishthisundertheassumptionofhomogeneousbehaviorwithinawavelengthregion.Thismethodologyhasthelimitationthatthewavelengthdependenceofanyoutputcouplingcircuitfromtheactivefibretotheoutputportisassumedtobezerowithindefinedregions.Parametersmeasuredwiththemethodsdescribedhereinincludechannelgain,channelsignal-spontaneousnoisefigure,andamplifiedspontaneousemission(ASE).Valuesmarkedwith(*)indicatepreliminaryvalues.Finalvaluesareunderstudy.note:1Numbersinbracketsrefertothebibliography.
【中国标准分类号】:M33
【国际标准分类号】:33_180_30
【页数】:24P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语